CA Index Name: Giemsa’s stain
Other Names: Azure Mixture sicc.; 3-(Dimethylamino)-7-aminophenothiazin-5-ium chloride; Giemsa; Giemsa stain
Merck Index Number: Not listed
Chemical / Dye Class: Phenothiazine
Molecular Formula: C14H14ClN3S
Molecular Weight: 291.80
Physical Form: Soluble in water; ethanol, methanol
Solubility: 300 °C
Absorption (λmax): 521 nm, 648 nm
Synthesis: Synthetic methods
Staining Applications: Blood smears; bone marrow cells; adrenaline and noradrenaline-containing cells; cancer cells; cells; chromosomes; DNA; embryos; germ cells; lipids; nucleus; nucleous; oral lesions; oral mucosa; parasites; sperms; spinal fluid; tissues
Biological Applications: Diagnosis of fetal aneuploi-dies, cancer cells, herpes simplex virus keratitis, malaria, spermatogenesis disorders; detection of INK4 gene and cell proliferation markers, lymphocyte subgroups, eperythrozoon, mouse bone marrow micronucleus; treating gastritis, lupus, microorganisms in the oral cavity, pathogens
Industrial Applications: Not reported
Safety / Toxicity: Genotoxicity; immunotoxicity
Certification / Approval: Certified by Biological Stain Commission (BSC)