CA Index Name: Xanthylium, 3,6-diamino-9-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]-, chloride (1:1)
Other Names: 2-(6-Amino-3-imino-3H-xanthen-9-yl) benzoic acid methyl ester; Benzoic acid, 2-(6-amino-3-imino-3H-xanthen-9-yl), methyl ester, monohydrochloride; 3,6-Diamino-[2-(methoxycarbonyl)phenyl]xanthylium chloride; Xanthylium, 3,6-diamino-9-[2-(methoxy-carbonyl)phenyl]-, chloride; R 22420; R 302; RH 123; Rhodamine 123
Merck Index Number: Not listed
Chemical / Dye Class: Xanthene
Molecular Formula: C21H17ClN2O3
Molecular Weight: 380.83
Physical Form: Brownish-red crystals or powder
Solubility: Slightly soluble in water; soluble in methanol, ethanol, ether, N,N-dimethylformamide
Melting Point: 235 °C
Absorption (λmax): 501 nm, 507 nm
Emission (λmax): 529 nm
Synthesis: Synthetic methods
Staining Applications: Mitochondria; cells; P-glycoprotein; sperms
Biological Applications: Measuring membrane potential; detecting cancer cells, spores, prostate cancer, stress biomarkers; treating disc degenerative disease, epilepsy, erectile dysfunction; apoptosis assays; tumor cell multidrug resistance assay; implantable medical devices
Industrial Applications: Colored bubbles; paints
Safety / Toxicity: Acute toxicity; carcinogenicity; cytotoxocity; metabolic toxicity; mutagenicity; neurotoxicity; ocular toxicity